1_3A_Biomolecules


 * Homeostasis**

Definition: A system where the internal environment and external environment interact and change to reach an equilibrium state. Despite change in external environment, internal environment of a living system is able to maintain an equilibrium.

Osmosis - net movement of water molecules from higher water potential to lower water potential across a semi-permeable membrane to reach an equilibrium 3 types of solution - isotonic, hypotonic, hypertonic Surface Area affects rate of osmosis

Diffusion - facilitated (in cells), how cells work

Macroconcepts: Systems - homeostasis is a system - different parts that work together (e.g. cell parts) and work together with other systems (e.g. in the human body) Change - change leads to more change (change in external - change in internal)


 * Class assignment - from RAM Bio wikispace**

**ENERGY, MATTER & ORGANISATION -** BIOMOLECULES //** Living systems are complex and highly organized, and they require matter and energy to maintain this organization. **//
 * **Energy** is stored in the organization of matter
 * Living organisms use matter and energy to build and maintain body structures
 * Living organisms obtain and process matter and energy
 * The structure of a molecule always dictates its function.
 * The structure and function of biological living systems obeys the laws of thermodynamics.
 * Communities of organisms depend on the cycling of matter and the flow of energy
 * The constant flow of energy and cycling of matter in the biosphere leads to a balanced or steady state.

This balance is achieved through various biogeochemical cycles and the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration - //focus is on ENERGY//

Energy is stored in organization of matter human body, energy stored in fats (mitochondria generates energy, not store), food provides energy in our body - glucose > mitochondria > ATP Fossil fuels - matter that stores energy


 * give specific examples based on knowledge of topic and related keywords**

Energy cannot be created or destroyed (**lost** is the wrong word, not true - can flow and change) - flow of energy? energy form - what we eat to build out body (energy), but can be lost/changed through other forms e.g. heat food chain - instead of looking at animals/prey-predator relationship, look at the energy transfer and how the energy FLOWS
 * Extra notes/common errors and misconceptions**

The questions we ask about ourselves and the world around us:

Carbon can bind in many ways, e.g. double convalent bonds(fats), and has a very stable structure (difficult to break, strong), has the ability to **bind with itself** - carbon "backbone" Macromolecules: Valency of 4 - 4 free electrons to bond with 4 other atoms, each with different properties and functions.
 * 1) Are we just chemicals?
 * 2) Are we what we eat?
 * 3) Why is the carbon molecule suitable for life as we know it?
 * 4) Why is the chemistry of water suitable for life?

Water - all the characteristics 3 states, Mass decrease when frozen, etc. see mindmap

code LIPIDS What - fats, waxes, sterols, fat-soluble vitamins (such as vitamins A, D, E and K), monoglycerides, diglycerides, phospholipids, and others Function - store energy, structural components (cell membrane), signaling molecules

CARBOHYDRATES What - organic compound, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen Function - structural, store energy, coenzymes, backbone of RNA

PROTEINS What - amino acids code Function - bind other molecules, carry out tasks for the cell based on gene information, enzymes - catalyze chemical reactions, cell signaling, structural

Implications of excess/deficiency?


 * TOMORROW DURING BIO: Read RAM Bio - Carbohydrates, lipids and proteins; what we need to understand, functions, properties, facts (also read BIOZONE)**